A Treatment Combination of Peels, Oral Antioxidants, and Topical Therapy for Refractory Melasma: A Report of 4 Cases

Abstract

Background: Melasma is a difficult-to-treat, recurrent pigmentary disease. Combined therapy gives better, longer-lasting results.

Objective: To determine the clinical effects of a treatment protocol of trichloroacetic acid, phytic acid and ascorbic acid peel combined with oral antioxidant supplement and topical treatment for refractory melasma.

Patients and methods: We present four cases of patients with melasma, who, despite multiple treatments including hydroquinone, showed no improvement. We initiated a 16-week protocol involving 3 in-clinic peels (4 weeks apart) and a daily home treatment. The peels contained 30% trichloroacetic acid, 2% phytic acid, 8% L-ascorbic acid, Camellia sinensis leaf extract and Vitis vinifera seed extract. The home treatment was a depigmenting serum (4-butyl resorcinol, hydroxy-phenoxy propionic acid and niacinamide), a specific SPF50+ sunscreen, and an oral supplement (Polypodium leucotomos; green tea extract; Vitis vinifera; vitamins C, E, and D; and carotenoids), all in the morning, and, at night, a compounded gel-cream (4% hydroquinone, 0.025% tretinoin and 1% hydrocortisone). After 16 weeks, the gel-cream was stopped; the rest of the regimen (topical and oral) was continued for 12 further weeks. Melasma was assessed using the melasma severity scale (MSS) before starting the protocol, and at 4 and 12 weeks after the last peel. Photographs were taken before treatment and at the last evaluation. Patients indicated their satisfaction on a 5-point scale.

Results: All patients had good tolerance to the procedures. Three showed an excellent (>75%) improvement and one showed a good (50-75%) improvement. All four were very satisfied. At follow-up (12 weeks after last peel), no patients had recurrence.

Conclusion: This protocol of trichloroacetic acid, phytic acid and ascorbic acid peel combined with an oral supplement and topical daily treatment is a viable treatment option for refractory melasma.

Keywords: ascorbic acid; melasma; oral supplement; peel; peelings; phytic acid; topical treatment; trichloroacetic acid; Polypodium leucotomos.