N-Acyl-glutarimides: Effect of Glutarimide Ring on the Structures of Fully Perpendicular Twisted Amides and N-C Bond Cross-Coupling

J Org Chem. 2020 Apr 17;85(8):5475-5485. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00227. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Abstract

N-Acyl-glutarimides have emerged as the most reactive precursors for N-C(O) bond cross-coupling reactions to date, wherein the reactivity is driven by ground-state destabilization of the amide bond. Herein, we report a full study on the effect of a glutarimide ring on the structures, electronic properties, and reactivity of fully perpendicular N-acyl-glutarimide amides. Most notably, this report demonstrates the generality of deploying N-acyl-glutarimides to achieve full twist of the acyclic amide bond, and results in the discovery of N-acyl-glutarimide amide with an almost perfect twist value, τ = 89.1°. X-ray structures of five new N-acyl-glutarimides are reported. Reactivity studies in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and transamidation reactions provide insight into the reactivity of N-acyl-glutarimides in metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free reactions. The effect of distortion, structures, and rotational barriers around the N-C(O) axis is discussed. The ability to achieve full distortion of the amide bond significantly expands the range of reagents available for N-C(O) cross-coupling reactions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't