Gulls as Sources of Environmental Contamination by Colistin-resistant Bacteria

Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 10;10(1):4408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61318-2.

Abstract

In 2015, the mcr-1 gene was discovered in Escherichia coli in domestic swine in China that conferred resistance to colistin, an antibiotic of last resort used in treating multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in humans. Since then, mcr-1 was found in other human and animal populations, including wild gulls. Because gulls could disseminate the mcr-1 gene, we conducted an experiment to assess whether gulls are readily colonized with mcr-1 positive E. coli, their shedding patterns, transmission among conspecifics, and environmental deposition. Shedding of mcr-1 E. coli by small gull flocks followed a lognormal curve and gulls shed one strain >101 log10 CFU/g in their feces for 16.4 days, which persisted in the environment for 29.3 days. Because gulls are mobile and can shed antimicrobial-resistant bacteria for extended periods, gulls may facilitate transmission of mcr-1 positive E. coli to humans and livestock through fecal contamination of water, public areas and agricultural operations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Shedding
  • Charadriiformes / genetics
  • Charadriiformes / microbiology*
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / physiology*
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics*
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Livestock / microbiology

Substances

  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • MCR-1 protein, E coli