New insights into potential nutritional effects of dietary saponins in protecting against the development of obesity

Abstract

Excessive energy intake, poor physical exercise and genetics/epigenetics are instrumental for the development of obesity. Because of rapidly emerging evidences related to off-target effects and toxicity of anti-obesity drugs, there is a need to search for more effective and targeted drugs for treatment of obesity. Substantial studies have found the nutritional effects of dietary saponins (bio-detergents) in terms of decreasing the synthesis of lipids, suppressing adipogenesis, inhibiting intestinal absorption of lipids, and promoting fecal excretion of bile acids and triglycerides. Dietary saponin have been approved as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors, disaccharidase enzyme inhibitors, antagonistic to in vitro lipogenesis and in vivo appetite suppressants, antioxidants, immune-regulators, prevent fatty liver formation, protects epithelial vasculature and regulate body weight. Many dietary saponins, such as sibutramine, morgoside, sessiloside, soysaponin B, and diosgenin, have treatment potential against the development of obesity. Excellent scientific achievements have been developed for a better understanding the mechanism of saponins in preventing obesity.

Keywords: Akebonic acid (PubChem CID 14036559); Anti-obesity; Avenacosid A (PubChem CID 267363); Chiisanoside (PubChem CID 21626427); Chikusetsusaponin IV (PubChem CID 15602013); Dietary saponins; Dioscin (PubChem CID 119245); Diosgenin (PubChem CID 99474); Escin (PubChem CID 16211024); Ginsenoside RG1 (PubChem CID 441923); Gypsogenin (PubChem CID 92825); Gypsosaponin A (PubChem CID 16655287); Gypsosaponin B (PubChem CID 16655286); Gypsosaponin C (PubChem CID 16655349); Hederagenin (PubChem CID 73299); Momordicoside A (PubChem CID 71717038); Morgoside IV (PubChem CID 56843594); Norhederagenin (PubChem CID 21596158); Oleanolic acid (PubChem CID489507); Pancreatic lipase; Platycodin (PubChem CID 162859); SREBP-1; Semaglutide (PubChem CID 56843331); Sessiloside (PubChem CID 11593218); Setmelanotide (PubChem CID 11993702); Sibutramine (PubChem CID 5210); Soysaponin B (PubChem CID 122097); Tesofensine (PubChem CID 11421038); Theasaponin E1 (Pub Chem CID 131751419); Tomatoside A (PubChem CID 426059); Whole grain.