Objective: To investigate the impact of maternal X chromosome aneuploidies on cell free DNA (cf-DNA) prenatal screening. Methods: After genetic counseling, invasive prenatal diagnosis was provided for the 124 cases with high risk of sex chromosome aneuploidie (SCA) indicated by cf-DNA prenatal screening. For cases with discordant results of fetal prenatal diagnosis and cf-DNA prenatal screening, maternal leukocyte was collected for copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) to detect whether the maternal X chromosome was carrying variations. Results: Totally, 124 cases with high risks of SCA indicated by cf-DNA prenatal screening, 9 cases refused to take invasive prenatal diagnosis, while the remaining 115 cases received. Among the 115 cases, 41 cases received accordant results with cf-DNA prenatal screening while 74 cases discordant. Among the 74 cases with discordant results, 19 cases were indicated with maternal X chromosome variations by maternal leukocyte CNV-seq, which accounting for 25.7% (19/74) of the SCA false positive cases, and 15.3% (19/124) of all SCA cases. Conclusions: Pregnant women with X chromosome variations may affect the results of cf-DNA prenatal screening, resulting in false positive or false negative outcomes, it should be emphasized that the cf-DNA results may be affected by maternal X chromosome variations. In cases with discordant results of prenatal diagnosis and cf-DNA prenatal screening, maternal leukocyte CNV-seq is recommended to find the reasons of false positive or negative results. And cf-DNA prenatal screening is not recommended for pregnant women who are already known with X chromosome variations.
目的： 探讨孕妇X染色体异常对于其外周血游离DNA（cf-DNA）产前筛查的影响。 方法： 收集2016年4月1日至2019年5月31日于中国医学科学院北京协和医院就诊且cf-DNA产前筛查提示胎儿性染色体非整倍体异常（SCA）高风险的孕妇共124例，遗传咨询后行侵入性产前诊断。对于侵入性产前诊断结果与cf-DNA产前筛查结果不相符者，取孕妇白细胞、提取孕妇DNA进行大规模平行测序，以检测孕妇X染色体是否存在数量异常或拷贝数变异。 结果： 124例cf-DNA产前筛查提示胎儿SCA高风险的孕妇中，除9例拒绝诊断，余115例均行侵入性产前诊断，其中41例与cf-DNA产前筛查结果相符，74例不相符。在结果不相符的74例孕妇中，孕妇DNA大规模平行测序发现孕妇X染色体数目异常或携带拷贝数变异者19例，占SCA假阳性孕妇的比例为25.7%（19/74），占总SCA高风险病例的15.3%（19/124）。 结论： 孕妇X染色体数目异常、嵌合或携带拷贝数变异会影响cf-DNA产前筛查的结果，导致假阳性或假阴性结果；对于cf-DNA产前筛查提示胎儿SCA高风险的孕妇，应强调该结果可能受孕妇X染色体异常的影响。对于侵入性产前诊断和cf-DNA产前筛查结果不一致的孕妇，推荐对孕妇染色体进行检测，以明确假阳性或假阴性的原因；而对已明确X染色体数目异常或携带拷贝数变异的孕妇，则不推荐进行cf-DNA产前筛查。.
Keywords: Cell-free nucleic acids; Pregnant women; Prenatal diagnosis; Sex chromosome aerrations.