Pathogen profile and MMP-3 levels in areas with varied attachment loss in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Mustafa Yilmaz; GöKHAN Kasnak; Nuray G Polat; Nursen E Topcuoglu; GüVEN KüLEKCI; Erhan Firatli

doi:10.5114/ceji.2019.92806

Pathogen profile and MMP-3 levels in areas with varied attachment loss in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Cent Eur J Immunol. 2019;44(4):440-446. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92806. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Authors

Mustafa Yilmaz¹, GöKHAN Kasnak², Nuray G Polat³, Nursen E Topcuoglu⁴, GüVEN KüLEKCI⁴, Erhan Firatli²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
² Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
³ Virology and Fundamental Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract

Introduction: The progression of periodontitis depends on the changes in bone and connective tissue homeostasis and the imbalance of the biofilm and the host immunoinflammatory response, particularly matrix metalloproteinases (MMP).

Aim of the study: To assess the probable relation between subgingival anaerobic flora and the expression of MMP-3 in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy subjects, and to evaluate these levels according to varied tissue loss severity.

Material and methods: The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were evaluated. MMP levels obtained from gingival sulcus fluid (GCF) were measured with Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA). The bacterial counts were determined with Parocheck^®.

Results: Higher levels of MMP-3 in patients with AgP compared to subjects with CP and healthy individuals were observed. The microorganisms responsible of possible tissue destruction in both AgP and CP are red complex bacteria. T. denticola, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum show positive correlation with MMP-3 levels.

Conclusions: MMP-3 is a biomarker associated with AgP, and red complex bacteria levels are correlated with increasing periodontal tissue loss in both periodontitis forms. The diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis, or site-specific treatment strategies can be orchestrated based on the evaluation of MMP-3 and the bacterial counts in patients with periodontitis.

Keywords: MMP; aggressive periodontitis; chronic periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; pathogens.