1 Marilyn Smith Stoner, PhD, RN, CHPN, CNE, is a Professor Emeritus, Department of Nursing, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California. Geraldine C. Fike, DNP, MSN, RN, CCRN, is an Associate Professor, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California. Dawn Blue, DNP, RN, AGACNP-BC, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California.