Nonlinear dynamics based machine learning: Utilizing dynamics-based flexibility of nonlinear circuits to implement different functions

PLoS One. 2020 Mar 3;15(3):e0228534. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228534. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

The core element of machine learning is a flexible, universal function approximator that can be trained and fit into the data. One of the main challenges in modern machine learning is to understand the role of nonlinearity and complexity in these universal function approximators. In this research, we focus on nonlinear complex systems, and show their capability in representation and learning of different functions. Complex nonlinear dynamics and chaos naturally yield an almost infinite diversity of dynamical behaviors and functions. Physical, biological and engineered systems can utilize this diversity to implement adaptive, robust behaviors and operations. A nonlinear dynamical system can be considered as an embodiment of a collection of different possible behaviors or functions, from which different behaviors or functions can be chosen as a response to different conditions or problems. This process of selection can be manual in the sense that one can manually pick and choose the right function through directly setting parameters. Alternatively, we can automate the process and allow the system itself learn how to do it. This creates an approach to machine learning, wherein the nonlinear dynamics represents and embodies different possible functions, and it learns through training how to pick the right function from this function space. We report on how we utilized nonlinear dynamics and chaos to design and fabricate nonlinear dynamics based, morphable hardware in silicon as a physical embodiment for different possible functions. We demonstrate how this flexible, morphable hardware learns through learning and searching algorithms such as genetic algorithm to implement different desired functions. In this approach, we combine two powerful natural and biological phenomenon, Darwinian evolution and nonlinear dynamics and chaos, as a dynamics-oriented approach to designing intelligent, adaptive systems with applications. Nonlinear dynamics embodies different functions at the hardware level, while an evolutionary method is utilized in order to find the parameters to implement the right function.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Machine Learning*
  • Nonlinear Dynamics*

Grants and funding

This research was supported by an ONR Grant N00014-16-1-3056 to WD. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funder (First Pass Engineering) provided support in the form of salaries for authors [K.M.], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.