Infection capacity of Trypanosoma vivax experimentally inoculated through different routes in bovines with latent Anaplasma marginale

Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos; Adriana Marques Faria; Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante; Darling Melany de Carvalho Madrid; Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa; João Eduardo Nicaretta; Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel; Luciana Maffini Heller; Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto; Daniel de Castro Rodrigues; Lorena Lopes Ferreira; Vando Edésio Soares; Fabiano Antônio Cadioli; Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107861

Infection capacity of Trypanosoma vivax experimentally inoculated through different routes in bovines with latent Anaplasma marginale

Exp Parasitol. 2020 Feb 21:211:107861. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107861. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos¹, Adriana Marques Faria¹, Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante¹, Darling Melany de Carvalho Madrid¹, Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa¹, João Eduardo Nicaretta¹, Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel¹, Luciana Maffini Heller¹, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto¹, Daniel de Castro Rodrigues¹, Lorena Lopes Ferreira², Vando Edésio Soares³, Fabiano Antônio Cadioli⁴, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes⁵

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
² Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
³ Universidade Brasil - Campus de Descalvado, Descalvado, SP, Brazil.
⁴ Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
⁵ Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: wdzlopes@hotmail.com.

PMID: 32112944
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107861

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the infection capacity of Trypanosoma vivax experimentally inoculated through different routes in calves naturally infected with latent Anaplasma marginale. On Day 0 of the study, 25 calves (breed: Girolando) were divided into five groups. The first four groups of five calves each received approximately 1 × 10⁶ trypomastigotes of T. vivax through the intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous routes. Another five animals remained unaffected to serve as A. marginale naturally infected controls. The study of T. vivax was performed on all calves from D+1 to D+30 using the Woo, Brener and blood smear techniques. PCR was performed on Days +1, +3, +4, +5, +28, +29 and + 30. The results indicated that T. vivax was capable of infecting and developing the disease in the calves independent of the inoculation route. A positive correlation was found between T. vivax and rectal temperature (P ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation was seen between the protozoan and globular volume (P ≤ 0.05). Latent A. marginale in the calves acted as co-infection for T. vivax. Jaundice was seen only in calves with a high parasitemia by A. marginale. Therefore, in areas with the confirmed presence of T. vivax in bovines, this protozoan should be included in the complex denominated "Bovine Parasitic Sadness", which currently encompasses only Anaplasma and Babesia.

Keywords: Anaplasmosis; Bovine parasitic sadness; Trypanosomosis.