A detailed description of the phenotypic spectrum of North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy in a large cohort of seventeen patients

Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020 Mar:72:44-48. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.005. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Abstract

Introduction: In 2011, a homozygous mutation in GOSR2 (c.430G > T; p. Gly144Trp) was reported as a novel cause of Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (PME) with early-onset ataxia. Interestingly, the ancestors of patients originate from countries bound to the North Sea, hence the condition was termed North Sea PME (NSPME). Until now, only 20 patients have been reported in literature. Here, we provide a detailed description of clinical and neurophysiological data of seventeen patients.

Methods: We collected clinical and neurophysiological data from the medical records of seventeen NSPME patients (5-46 years). In addition, we conducted an interview focused on factors influencing myoclonus severity.

Results: The core clinical features of NSPME are early-onset ataxia, myoclonus and seizures, with additionally areflexia and scoliosis. Factors such as fever, illness, heat, emotions, stress, noise and light (flashes) all exacerbated myoclonic jerks. Epilepsy severity ranged from the absence of or incidental clinical seizures to frequent daily seizures and status epilepticus. Some patients made use of a wheelchair during their first decade, whereas others still walked independently during their third decade. Neurophysiological features suggesting neuromuscular involvement in NSPME were variable, with findings ranging from indicative of sensory neuronopathy and anterior horn cell involvement to an isolated absent H-reflex.

Conclusion: Although the sequence of symptoms is rather homogeneous, the severity of symptoms and rate of progression varied considerably among individual patients. Common triggers for myoclonus can be identified and myoclonus is difficult to treat; to what extent neuromuscular involvement contributes to the phenotype remains to be further elucidated.

Keywords: Ataxia; Clinical phenotype; GOSR2; Neurophysiology; North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age of Onset
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Disease Progression*
  • Electroencephalography
  • Electromyography
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mobility Limitation
  • Mutation, Missense
  • Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / genetics
  • Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / metabolism
  • Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / pathology
  • Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / physiopathology*
  • Neural Conduction / physiology
  • North Sea
  • Qb-SNARE Proteins
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • GOSR2 protein, human
  • Qb-SNARE Proteins

Supplementary concepts

  • Prickle1-Related Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ataxia