[When education in asthma is crucial. About a case]

Rev Alerg Mex. 2019 Oct-Dec;66(4):493-498. doi: 10.29262/ram.v66i4.584.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Background: Childhood asthma causes frequent hospitalizations and visits to the emergency room because of exacerbations that could be avoided if the disease is managed properly.

Clinical case: A 6-year-old girl who has had asthma since her first 16 months of life. She had been taken 130 times to the emergency room; she had been hospitalized 22 times, and she had received numerous medical consultations for asthma. She had never received structured health education, therefore, she was misusing the inhalation devices, and the controller treatment for bronchial inflammation was clearly below the dose according to the level of severity of the disease. There was an intervention focused on health education, an increase in the dose of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat bronchial asthma, and instruction in the proper use of inhaled medications. Since the intervention was made, the patient achieved better control without requiring visits to the emergency room, hospital admissions, or systemic corticosteroids after two years of follow-up.

Conclusion: The lack of health education about asthma causes insufficient control of the disease. In the therapeutic approach to patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, it is essential to apply structured procedures of health education.

Antecedentes: El asma infantil ocasiona frecuentes hospitalizaciones y visitas a urgencias por exacerbaciones que podrían ser evitadas con el manejo apropiado de la enfermedad. Caso clínico: Niña de seis años con asma desde los 16 meses de vida. Fue llevada 130 veces al servicio de urgencia, 22 veces fue hospitalizada y recibió otras numerosas consultas médicas por asma. Nunca había recibido educación sanitaria estructuradamente, de manera que utilizaba los dispositivos de inhalación inadecuadamente y el tratamiento controlador de la inflamación bronquial estaba claramente por debajo de la dosis correspondiente al grado de gravedad de su asma. Se realizó una intervención centrada en la educación sanitaria, incremento de la dosis de medicamentos antiinflamatorios bronquiales e instrucción en el uso adecuado de la medicación inhalada. A partir de la intervención, la paciente alcanzó un mejor control sin requerir nuevamente visitas a urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios ni corticoides sistémicos, tras dos años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: La falta de educación sanitaria en asma ocasiona control insuficiente de la enfermedad. En el acercamiento terapéutico al paciente con asma grave no controlada resulta imprescindible aplicar procedimientos estructurados de educación sanitaria.

Keywords: Childhood asthma; Inhaled corticosteroids; Long-acting bronchodilators; Self-management; Therapeutic education.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Asthma / therapy*
  • Child
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Patient Education as Topic*