Effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and fermentation products on plasma carbonyl-metabolome and fecal bacterial community of beef steers

James A Adeyemi; Sunday O Peters; Marcos De Donato; Andres Pech Cervantes; Ibukun M Ogunade

doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0419-5

Effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and fermentation products on plasma carbonyl-metabolome and fecal bacterial community of beef steers

J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2020 Feb 17:11:14. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0419-5. eCollection 2020.

Authors

James A Adeyemi¹, Sunday O Peters², Marcos De Donato³, Andres Pech Cervantes⁴, Ibukun M Ogunade¹

Affiliations

¹ 1College of Agriculture, Communities, and the Environment, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA.
² 2Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149 USA.
³ 3Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico.
⁴ 4Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030 USA.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have evaluated the metabolic status of animals fed direct-fed microbial (DFM) using enzyme-based assays which are time-consuming and limited to a few metabolites. In addition, little emphasis has been placed on investigating the effects of DFM on hindgut microbiota. We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based DFM and fermentation products on the plasma concentrations of carbonyl-containing metabolites via a metabolomics approach, and fecal bacterial community, via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, of beef steers during a 42-day receiving period. Forty newly weaned steers were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet supplemented with 19 g of Commence™ (PROB; n = 20) for a 42-day period. Commence™ (PMI, Arden Hills, MN) is a blend of 6.2 × 10¹¹ cfu/g of S. cerevisiae, 3.5 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus casei, and the fermentation products of these aforementioned microorganisms and those of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger. On d 0 and 40, rectal fecal samples were collected randomly from 10 steers from each treatment group. On d 42, blood was collected for plasma preparation.

Results: A total number of 812 plasma metabolites were detected. Up to 305 metabolites [fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, FDR ≤ 0.01] including glucose, hippuric acid, and 5-hydroxykynurenamine were increased by PROB supplementation, whereas 199 metabolites (FC ≤ 0.63, FDR ≤ 0.01) including acetoacetate were reduced. Supplementation of PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Megasphaera, Dorea, Acetitomaculum, and Blautia. In contrast, the relative abundance of Elusimicrobium, Moheibacter, Stenotrophomonas, Comamonas, and uncultured bacterium belonging to family p-2534-18B5 gut group (phylum Bacteroidetes) were reduced (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB altered both the plasma carbonyl metabolome towards increased glucose concentration suggesting an improved energy status, and fecal bacterial community, suggesting an increased hindgut fermentation of the beef steers.

Keywords: Beef steer; Carbonyl; Fecal bacteria; Lactate-utilizing bacteria; Plasma metabolomics.