Supporting Iraqi Kurdistan Health Authorities in Post-conflict Recovery: The Development of a Health Monitoring System

Abstract

Background: Iraq has endured several conflicts and socio-political tensions that have disrupted its public health system. Nowadays, because health data are not collected on a routine basis, the country still lacks proper statistics and, consequently, response plans to meet present and future health needs of its population. An international partnership is developing in the Iraqi Kurdistan a Health Monitoring System with the aim of supporting evidence-based health policy decisions. Methods: The pilot phase for assessing the feasibility of the programme was launched in 2015. In 2018 the implementation phase began. The first step was to choose the software platform and the coding system, as well as to identify the public hospitals (PH) and Public Health Centers (PHC) to be included in the e-health system. The technical infrastructure of each PHC or PH was updated. The staff of each center was trained in the use of the e-health system and in disease coding. Several seminars introduced regional and district health managers to the basic concepts of data-driven decision making. A local team of experts was trained to create a highly specialized staff with the objective of "training the trainers" and ensuring the future self-sufficiency of the system. Results: By September 2019, 59 PHC and PH were entering data in the Health Monitoring System, while 258 health operators (medical doctors, administrative staff, nurses, statisticians, IT and public health specialists, pharmacists) have been already trained. Currently, more than 600,000 disease events have been collected. Additionally, further 734 medical doctors, statisticians, and health managers have been trained on the basics of public health practice. The goal during the next 3 years is to reach 120 operative centers within the region, envisaging a subsequent expansion of the system to all Iraq. Conclusions: The creation of a functioning health monitoring system is feasible also in regions characterized by socio-political tensions. However, multiple stakeholder partnerships are essential. The provision of an e-health information system, coupled with the establishment of a team of local experts, allows the routinely and timely collection of health information, facilitating prompt responses to present and emerging needs, while guiding the formulation and evaluation of health policies.

Keywords: ICD-10; Iraq; e-health system; epidemiological surveillance; post-conflict; public health.