To study the prevalence of burnout and job satisfaction in Chinese pediatrics residents.Prospective participants were invited via a WeChat group to participate from October 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used to measure physician burnout, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction.A total of 380 residents (81.1% response rate) from 35 pediatric residency programs completed the cross-sectional web-based survey. Of the responders, 233 (61.3%) exhibited high levels of career burnout. Residents 24 to 29 years of age were less likely to report burnout than residents ≥30 years of age (50.9% vs74.7%; P < .05). In addition, residents with an annual income less than 80,000 RMB seem to have higher burnout levels (66.2%). Residents who reported that they felt sleep deprived had significantly higher rates of burnout than those who did not (P < .01). Logistic regression showed that age ≥30 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.74 [1.57-7.66], P < .01) and sleep deprivation (OR 4.11 [2.19-7.35], P < .01) were the 2 independent risk factors associated with burnout.Burnout is highly prevalent among Chinese pediatrics residents who also reported poor job satisfaction.