Cardiometabolic disorders were discussed and might be changed by microbiota in recent years. Since the colon acts as the primary reservoir of microbiota, we designed the present study to explore the association between colectomy and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We identified a total of 18,424 patients who underwent colectomy between 2000-2012 for reasons other than colorectal cancer from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients were matched with 18,424 patients without colectomy using a 1:1 propensity score by age, sex, and comorbidity. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to assess the risk of CVD. Patients with colectomy were found to be at lower risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90-0.99) than patients without colectomy. Stratified analysis according to the type of surgery revealed patients who underwent cecectomy and right hemicolectomy were at lower risk of CVD (cecectomy: adjusted HR [aHR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.94; right hemicolectomy: aHR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.96). Patients who underwent left hemicolectomy were at higher risk of CVD (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08-1.32). Our results indicate that the different colectomy procedures influence the risk for the CVD differently.