Treatment of uveitis is complicated because of its multiple aetiologies and elevation of various inflammatory mediators. To determine the mediators that are elevated in the vitreous humor according to the aetiology of the uveitis, we examined the concentrations of 21 inflammatory cytokines, 7 chemokines, and 5 colony-stimulating/growth factors in vitreous samples from 57 eyes with uveitis associated with intraocular lymphoma (IOL, n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 15), acute retinal necrosis (ARN, n = 13), or bacterial endophthalmitis (BE, n = 16). Samples from eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (n = 15), which is not associated with uveitis, were examined as controls. Heat map analysis demonstrated that the patterns of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor in eyes with uveitis were disease-specific. Pairwise comparisons between the 5 diseases showed specific elevation of interferon-α2 in ARN and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in BE. Pairwise comparisons between IOL, ARN, and BE revealed that levels of IL-10 in IOL, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in ARN, and IL-22 in BE were significantly higher than those in the other 2 types of uveitis. These mediators are likely to be involved in the immunopathology of specific types of uveitis and may be useful biomarkers.