Bifurcated rib with vertebral defects - A rare anatomical variant: Case report with literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Bifurcated ribs are a neuroskeletal anomaly which are incidentally discovered on chest X-ray. It is a developmental disorder where sternal end of a rib is split into two, commonly found in males, on the right side and unilaterally not associated with a vertebral defect.

Presentation of case: In this report we discuss a case of a 17-year-old girl with a left bifid rib alongside a segmental defect of the vertebra.

Discussion: Bifurcated ribs usually occur in isolation or with other rib abnormalities associated with vertebral defects. Most cases are asymptomatic or found at post-mortem. Gorlin Syndrome is a condition where both these anatomical defects form a part of its criteria.

Conclusion: With barely any data on significance of bifid rib with vertebral defects and no conclusive exclusion of Gorlin Syndrome, close monitoring coupled with regular follow-ups in such patients is the likely plan of treatment. In addition, genetic testing for susceptible genes should be strongly considered.

Keywords: Bifid ribs; Bifurcated ribs; Gorlin Syndrome; Sternum bifidum; Vertebral defects.