The off-label use of medications is a "right" for pediatricians, owing to lack of enough safety and effectiveness drug trials in pediatric age group. Pediatricians have to rely on their personal judicial use of medications in children.We studied off-label use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) retrospectively during 2005 to 2015 among those who attended the Pediatic Hepatology Unit, Cairo University.We analyzed data of 779 neonates and infants with cholestasis. 15% dropped out. Males comprised 374 (56.5%). Cholestasis was due to surgical causes in 129 (19.5%), neonatal hepatitis in 445 (67.2%), and paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts in 88 (13.3%). Three hundred sixty (54.4%) received UDCA (15-30 mg/kg/d), and 302 (45.6%) did not. Both groups were matched as regards causes and severity of cholestasis. Those who received UDCA had worse outcome (P < .001), and more complications (P < .001). A total of 73.1% (221) achieved cure without UDCA compared to only 45.8% (165) of those on UDCA (P < .001).UDCA is not effective and not safe in Egyptian neonates and infants with cholestasis. UDCA use compromises chance of cure, and is associated with serious morbidity, progression of disease, and death. UDCA off-label use mortality was absolutely preventable. Off- label use of UDCA in neonates and children should be utterly prohibited. Information of use of off-label medications, effectiveness, and safety, should be recorded, analyzed, and made available within context of Off-label Use Registry Studies with informed consent of parents.