Evaluation of IL-2, IL-10, IL-4 and ɤ-interferon levels in the oral fluids of patients with hepatitis C, B and HIV

Abstract

Introduction: Oral fluid cytokine levels can vary considerably during the onset of Inflammatory Periodontitis (IP) especially in people with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim of our study was to evaluate levels of oral cytokines during the onset of IP among HCV, HBV and HIV negative and positive individuals in order to evaluate local immunity state during these infections.

Methodology: This was a case control study with 3 groups of virally infected individuals and control group. All had IP including control group.

Results: 45 patients (51.7%) had HCV, 18 (20.7%) HBV and 24 (27.6%) HIV. For IL-2 we received significant difference for all groups compared with control -2.83; HBV-31.1 (p < 0.001), HCV-25.99 (p < 0.001) and HIV-24.57 (p < 0.001). For IL-10 significant difference was observed between control -0.94 and HCV-3.63 (p = 0.027), HBV-8.38 (15.51) groups (p < 0.001). IL-4 was significantly higher in control group 14.29 compared to HCV 0.2 (p < 0.001) and HIV 0.21 (p = 0.037) group. The adjusted analysis where we consider age as possible confounder revealed that only IL-2 significantly differs for all groups compared with control group: control vs HCV (p = 0.001); control vs HBV (p = 0.024); control vs HIV (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: Evidence for significant differences when comparing oral fluid cytokines of individuals with HCV, HBV and HIV with non-viral individuals was more obvious for IL-2. IL-2 levels were significantly higher in all 3 groups vs non-viral group even when age is confounder.

Keywords: HBV; HCV; HIV; Oral fluid; cytokines.