Distribution and phenotypes of hemifacial microsomia and its association with other anomalies

Il-Hyung Yang; Jee Hyeok Chung; Sunjin Yim; Il-Sik Cho; Seung-Weon Lim; Kikap Kim; Sukwha Kim; Jin-Young Choi; Jong-Ho Lee; Myung-Jin Kim; Seung-Hak Baek

doi:10.4041/kjod.2020.50.1.33

Distribution and phenotypes of hemifacial microsomia and its association with other anomalies

Korean J Orthod. 2020 Jan;50(1):33-41. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.1.33. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Authors

Il-Hyung Yang¹, Jee Hyeok Chung², Sunjin Yim³, Il-Sik Cho⁴, Seung-Weon Lim⁵, Kikap Kim⁶, Sukwha Kim⁷, Jin-Young Choi⁸, Jong-Ho Lee⁸, Myung-Jin Kim^{8

6}, Seung-Hak Baek¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
² Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Goyang, Korea.
³ Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
⁴ Private Practice, Pohang, Korea.
⁵ Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
⁶ Private Practice, Seoul, Korea.
⁷ Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
⁸ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the distribution and phenotypes of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and its association with other anomalies.

Methods: This study included 249 Korean patients with HFM, whose charts, photographs, radiographs, and/or computed tomography scans acquired during 1998-2018 were available from Seoul National University Hospital and Dental Hospital. Prevalence according to sex, side involvement, degree of mandibular deformity, compensatory growth of the mandibular body, and Angle's classification, and its association with other anomalies were statistically analyzed.

Results: Prevalence was not different between male and female patients (55.0% vs. 45.0%, p > 0.05). Unilateral HFM (UHFM) was more prevalent than bilateral HFM (BHFM) (86.3% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.001). Although distribution of the Pruzansky-Kaban types differed significantly in patients with UHFM (I, 53.0%; IIa, 18.6%; IIb, 24.7%; III, 3.7%; p < 0.001), no difference was observed in occurrence between the right and left sides (52.6% vs. 47.4%, p > 0.05). Among patients with BHFM, prevalence of different Pruzansky-Kaban types on the right and left sides was greater than that of the same type on both sides (67.6% vs. 32.4%, p < 0.05). Despite hypoplasia of the condyle/ramus complex, compensatory growth of the mandibular body on the ipsilateral side occurred in 35 patients (14.1%). Class I and II molar relationships were more prevalent than Class III molar relationships (93.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001). Forty-eight patients (19.3%) had other anomalies, with 50.0% and 14.4% in the BHFM and UHFM groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Patients with HFM require individualized diagnosis and treatment planning because of diverse phenotypes and associations with other anomalies.

Keywords: Association with other anomalies; Distribution; Hemifacial macrosomia; Phenotype.