Reducing the incidence of venous air embolism in contrast-enhanced CT angiography using preflushing of the power injector

Clin Radiol. 2020 Jun;75(6):479.e1-479.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.12.025. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate whether preflushing before connecting a power injector to a patient's catheter reduces the incidence of venous air embolism (VAE) in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA).

Materials and methods: With the approval from the local ethics committee, consecutive patients were divided randomly into a control group and a preflushing group and underwent CTA from June to November 2017. The control group underwent the conventional injection procedure. In the preflushing group, the injector tubes were flushed at high speed (10 ml/s) with saline before being connected to the patients' indwelling catheters. The locations, number, and sizes of VAE were analysed. The difference in the incidence of VAE between the two groups was compared.

Results: A total of 4,900 adults (control/preflushing, 2,190/2,710) were included and 228 (4.65%) patients were found to have 318 VAEs (285 bubbles and 33 gas-liquid plane VAEs). The incidence of VAE in the preflushing group (3.21%) was lower than that in the control group (6.44%); a similar trend was observed for multiple VAEs (p<0.05). VAEs occurred in the following locations from high to low frequency: right atrium>pulmonary artery trunk>superior vena cava>right ventricle>left brachial vein>right brachial vein. There was no significant difference in the location, shape, or diameters (p=0.19) of VAEs between the two groups.

Conclusions: The proposed preflushing procedure is simple yet effective in reducing the incidence of VAE by 50.16% in patients with CTA, thus improving safety during power injection.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aorta, Thoracic / diagnostic imaging
  • Computed Tomography Angiography*
  • Contrast Media / administration & dosage*
  • Coronary Vessels / diagnostic imaging
  • Embolism, Air / epidemiology
  • Embolism, Air / prevention & control*
  • Equipment Design
  • Female
  • Foramen Ovale, Patent / complications
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Injections, Intravenous / instrumentation*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pulmonary Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Contrast Media