Antioxidant Activity of Compounds Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata Promotes Human Gingival Fibroblast Well-Being

Abstract

Four new triterpenoid bidesmosidic saponins (1-4) and a sesquiterpenoid glucoside (5), together with nine known phenolic compounds (6-14), were isolated from the fruits of Elaeagnus umbellata. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The antioxidant capability of the isolated compounds was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts. Compound 6 decreased ROS production and promoted cell proliferation. It also counteracted the cell cycle blockade induced by a low concentration of H₂O₂ decreasing the expression of p21 and CDKN2A (p16^INK4A). Compound 6 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting its possible use in periodontitis lesions.