Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
Keywords: AFLD; ARTD; NAFLD; PARP; PARylation; adipocyte; adipogenesis; atherosclerosis; beige adipocytes; brown adipocytes; differentiation; high fat diet; insulin resistance; lipolysis; mitochondria; obesity; stem cell; white adipocytes.
© 2020 Szántó and Bai; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.