In an effort to reduce wait times, Canadian provincial governments have introduced numerous wait time reduction programs and policies. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of elective surgery wait time reduction initiatives across the Canadian provinces from 2000 to 2018. Each of the 10 provincial government web sites were searched. A theoretical framework for elective surgery wait time reduction policies was developed. The final framework is broadly organized into a supply-demand-performance management model. The majority were categorized as supply-oriented initiatives, which have been implemented by all the provinces in some form. Demand-oriented initiatives have been implemented the least. Our conceptual framework may be used to categorize wait time reduction initiatives for the purpose of policy development and evaluation.