Validation of a Short-Form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Instrument in China

Yong Meng; Kaixian Mao; Chaoping Li

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03031

Validation of a Short-Form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Instrument in China

Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 17:10:3031. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03031. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Yong Meng¹, Kaixian Mao², Chaoping Li³

Affiliations

¹ Management Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
² Department of Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
³ Institute of Organization and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.

Abstract

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) developed by Baer and colleagues has been widely used owing to its satisfactory psychometric properties. Because there was not yet a short-form version of the FFMQ (SF-FFMQ) that could be utilized in work settings available in China, we developed a Chinese SF-FFMQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a five-factor structure of our Chinese SF-FFMQ in two Chinese samples (Sample 1, N = 535; Sample 2, N = 391). The internal consistencies of the facets and the whole scale were acceptable. The predictive validity of this questionnaire was affirmed. Overall, the mindfulness facets correlated with related constructs including depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, employee life well-being, employee workplace well-being, and employee psychological well-being. In sample 2, which consisted of participants employed by local companies, we found that mindfulness mediated a positive relationship between servant leadership and employees' satisfaction with work-family balance. In conclusion, our Chinese SF-FFMQ was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool and our results support its use in both research and practice in clinical and work settings in China.

Keywords: five facet mindfulness questionnaire; mindfulness; servant leadership; validation; work-family balance.