Nutrition Policies, Practices, and Environments in Low-Income Georgia Elementary Schools, United States, 2015-2017

J Sch Health. 2020 Apr;90(4):278-285. doi: 10.1111/josh.12874. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Abstract

Background: A nutritious diet can prevent obesity and chronic disease and improve academic performance, yet many children have energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets. The objective of this study was to assess nutrition policies, practices, and environments in Georgia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) elementary schools and compare them across school-level demographic characteristics.

Methods: We distributed a cross-sectional online survey to administrators, grade level chairs, and nutrition managers from 113 Georgia SNAP-Ed elementary schools during 2015-2017. Logistic regression, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests were performed to assess differences by free and reduced-price lunch eligibility and percentage black. Fisher's exact and Rao-Scott chi-square tests were performed to assess differences by school size and geography.

Results: The majority of schools established wellness policies and committees, provided nutrition education, and offered fresh fruits and/or vegetables daily. Fewer schools had policies limiting sugar-sweetened foods within classrooms or had established a school garden. There were minimal significant differences in survey responses across school-level demographics.

Conclusions: Georgia SNAP-Ed elementary schools are providing healthy nutrition settings for their students in a number of areas, and can further improve by establishing more comprehensive wellness policies, a committee to enforce them, and engaging children in hands-on nutrition education activities.

Keywords: SNAP-Ed; childhood obesity; elementary schools; nutrition and diet; school food services; school wellness policy.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet, Healthy / statistics & numerical data*
  • Food Assistance
  • Food Services / statistics & numerical data*
  • Georgia
  • Humans
  • Nutrition Policy*
  • Schools / statistics & numerical data*
  • United States