Background: Hip fracture leads to an increase in mortality and deterioration in the quality of life. The increase in life expectancy results in an increase in the number of oldest old patients.
Aims: To analyze the characteristics of centenarian hip fracture patients and compare them with younger hip fracture patients.
Methods: Retrospective study, including 176 patients (48 centenarians, 65 nonagenarians and 63 octogenarians) undergoing surgery after hip from 2009 to 2018 and followed for 1-year survival. Qualitative variables were compared by Chi-square test and quantitative variables, by Kruskal-Wallis test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier test and statistical differences were assessed by log-rank test. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Centenarians showed the lowest Charlson index (p = 0.001), cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), and daily drug intake (p = 0.034). The in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates did not show statistical significant differences. The 1-year survival analysis showed that patients died in order of age (p = 0.045). No differences were found regarding readmissions.
Discussion: Hip fracture incidence in centenarians is increasing. Our study states the lowest complexity for centenarians. Hip fracture mortality rates have been linked to patients' age. In-hospital mortality rate has been reduced, and for the 30-day and 1-year mortality rates, we noted that mortality follows a pattern clearly related to age.
Conclusions: Centenarians showed the lowest comorbidity and complexity. Readmissions before 1 year, mortality rates at discharge, 30-day and 1-year follow-up were not significantly different, but 1-year survival analysis showed that patients are dying as they are ageing.
Keywords: Centenarians; Hip fracture; Mortality; Polypharmacy; Readmissions; Survival.