[Non-caloric sweeteners in women of reproductive age - A consensus document]

Nutr Hosp. 2020 Feb 17;37(1):211-222. doi: 10.20960/nh.02870.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are food additives that have been used as a possible tool to reduce energy and sugar intake. There is a scientific debate around the real benefits of their use. NNS are substances widely evaluated in the scientific literature. Their safety is reviewed by international regulatory health agencies. Health professionals and consumers often lack education and objective information about food additives based on the best scientific evidence. NNS have been used as a substitute for sucrose, especially by people with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, concerns related to their possible association with preterm birth have been raised, and also with their use during pregnancy and lactation because of the possibility of metabolic or other consequences in both the mother and offspring. This analysis of the evidence in gynecology and obstetrics presents a review of the most commonly asked questions regarding this matter by health professionals and their patients. This document evaluates a diversity of scientific publications under the sieve of evidence-based medicine and the regulatory framework for food additives to elucidate whether the use of NNS in women in these critical stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding represents a potential risk.

Los edulcorantes no calóricos (ENC) son aditivos de alimentos que se utilizan para sustituir azúcares y potencialmente para reducir la ingesta energética. Existe un debate científico en torno a los beneficios reales de su uso. Los ENC son sustancias ampliamente evaluadas en la literatura científica. Su seguridad es revisada por las agencias regulatorias internacionales del campo de la salud. Los profesionales de la salud y los consumidores con frecuencia carecen de educación e información rigurosa, objetiva y sustentada en la evidencia científica y el juicio clínico sobre el uso de aditivos en los alimentos. Los ENC se han empleado como sustitutos de la sacarosa, en especial por las personas con diabetes mellitus y obesidad. Sin embargo, se han planteado inquietudes relacionadas con su posible asociación con el parto pretérmino y con su uso durante el embarazo y la lactancia, ante la posibilidad de consecuencias metabólicas o de otra índole en la madre o en el neonato. Este análisis de la evidencia en ginecología y obstetricia presenta una revisión que intenta responder a preguntas que habitualmente se hacen al respecto los profesionales de la salud y sus pacientes. En este documento se evalúan diversas publicaciones científicas bajo el tamiz de la medicina basada en la evidencia y del marco regulatorio para aditivos de alimentos con el fin dilucidar si el uso de ENC en las mujeres durante las etapas críticas del embarazo y la lactancia supone o no un posible riesgo.

Keywords: Edulcorantes no calóricos. Endulzantes artificiales. Embarazo. Lactancia. Diabetes gestacional..

Publication types

  • Consensus Development Conference

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / etiology
  • Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / prevention & control
  • Diabetes, Gestational / etiology
  • Diabetes, Gestational / prevention & control
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Female
  • Fetus / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / etiology
  • Lactation
  • Milk, Human / chemistry
  • Non-Nutritive Sweeteners* / adverse effects
  • Non-Nutritive Sweeteners* / pharmacokinetics
  • Non-Nutritive Sweeteners* / therapeutic use
  • Obstetric Labor, Premature / chemically induced
  • Overweight / prevention & control
  • Preconception Injuries / chemically induced
  • Preconception Injuries / prevention & control
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications
  • Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
  • Weight Gain

Substances

  • Non-Nutritive Sweeteners