The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services is one of the hot topics in ecological research. The ways that the relationship is applied to the development of ecosystem management and policy have gradually gained attention after the Millennium Ecosystem Services Assessment in 2005. However, applying theoretical understanding of the relationship into practical management still faces challenges. Examining recent progresses may help to guide practices and po-licies. We summarized recent progress in researches on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services in terms of the impacts of biodiversity on single ecosystem service, ecosystem multifunctionality and trade-offs of ecosystem services, as well as how environmental changes affected these relationships. Moreover, we outlined the application of these relationships in nature reserve management, forest management, degraded ecosystem restoration, and agro-ecosystem improvement. We further analyzed the shortcomings in relationship studies and then emphasized that future research and practice trends are the interaction of different biodiversity components and multiple trophic levels on ecosystem services, the coupling effects of environmental changes on the relationships, and practical approaches to biodiversity for improving ecosystem services.
生物多样性与生态系统服务关系是当前生态学研究的热点之一,2005年千年生态系统评估之后如何将两者关系应用到生态系统管理和政策制定中逐渐受到重视。然而,从理论上的两者关系认知到应用上的管理实践仍面临着严峻挑战,梳理已有研究成果有利于更好地指导管理实践。本文基于近年生物多样性与生态系统服务关系的主要研究成果,从生物多样性对生态系统单种服务、多种服务、生态系统服务权衡的影响以及环境变化如何影响这些关系等方面,总结了两者关系的主要研究进展,概述了两者关系在自然保护区管理、森林生态系统管理、退化生态系统恢复和农业生态系统改善等领域中的应用,分析了两者关系研究中依然存在的不足之处,强调未来需加强的研究方向主要包括: 生物多样性不同组分相互作用和多营养级生物多样性相互关系对生态系统服务的影响、环境耦合变化对两者关系的复合效应以及生物多样性改善生态系统服务的实践途径。.
Keywords: biodiversity; ecosystem functions; ecosystem management; ecosystem services; global change.