Stacked Bt Proteins Pose No New Risks to Nontarget Arthropods

Abstract

Concerns have been raised that multiple insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered (GE) crops may interact unexpectedly and pose new threats to biodiversity and nontarget organisms. We reviewed the literature to assess whether this concern is justified and whether the current regulatory framework needs to be adapted to address this concern.

Keywords: Cry proteins; environmental risk assessment; genetically modified crops; nontarget effects; pyramids; synergistic effects.