Endothelial cells are the main determinants of vascular function, since their dysfunction in response to a series of cardiovascular risk factors is responsible for disease progression and further consequences. Endothelial dysfunction, if not resolved, further aggravates the oxidative status and vessel wall inflammation, thus igniting a vicious cycle. We have furthermore to consider the physiological manifestation of vascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation during ageing, also known as inflammageing. Based on these considerations, knowledge of the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for endothelial loss-of-function can be pivotal to identify novel targets of intervention with the aim of maintaining endothelial wellness and vessel trophism and function. In this review we have examined the role of the detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the maintenance of endothelial function. Its impairment indeed is associated with oxidative stress and ageing, and in the development of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Strategies to improve its expression and activity may be beneficial in these largely diffused disorders.
Keywords: aldehyde dehydrogenase-2; cardiovascular disease; endothelial cells; endothelial dysfunction; inflammageing; neurovascular disease; oxidative stress.