Investigation of The Cellular Response to Bone Fractures: Evidence for Flexoelectricity

Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 14;10(1):254. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57121-3.

Abstract

The recent discovery of bone flexoelectricity (strain-gradient-induced electrical polarization) suggests that flexoelectricity could have physiological effects in bones, and specifically near bone fractures, where flexoelectricity is theoretically highest. Here, we report a cytological study of the interaction between crack stress and bone cells. We have cultured MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells in biomimetic microcracked hydroxyapatite substrates, differentiated into osteocytes and applied a strain gradient to the samples. The results show a strong apoptotic cellular response, whereby mechanical stimulation causes those cells near the crack to die, as indicated by live-dead and caspase staining. In addition, analysis two weeks post-stimulation shows increased cell attachment and mineralization around microcracks and a higher expression of osteocalcin -an osteogenic protein known to be promoted by physical exercise. The results are consistent with flexoelectricity playing at least two different roles in bone remodelling: apoptotic trigger of the repair protocol, and electro-stimulant of the bone-building activity of osteoblasts.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3T3 Cells
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Electric Impedance
  • Fractures, Bone / metabolism
  • Fractures, Bone / pathology*
  • Mice
  • Minerals / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Osteocytes / metabolism
  • Osteocytes / pathology
  • Stress, Mechanical

Substances

  • Minerals