Nitrate is the preferred form of nitrogen for most plants, acting both as a nutrient and a signaling molecule. However, the components and regulatory factors governing nitrate uptake in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), one of the world's most important crop species, have remained unclear, largely due to the complexity of its hexaploid genome. Here, based on recently released whole-genome information for bread wheat, the high-affinity nitrate transporter2 (NRT2) and the nitrate-assimilation-related (NAR) gene family are characterized. We show that abscisic acid (ABA)- Glc ester deconjugation is stimulated in bread wheat roots by nitrate resupply following nitrate withdrawal, leading to enhanced root-tissue ABA accumulation, and that this enhancement, in turn, affects the expression of root-type NRT2/NAR genes. TaANR1 is shown to regulate nitrate-mediated ABA accumulation by directly activating TaBG1, while TaWabi5 is involved in ABA-mediated NO3 - induction of NRT2/NAR genes. Building on previous evidence establishing ABA involvement in the developmental response to high-nitrate stress, our study suggests that ABA also contributes to the optimization of nitrate uptake by regulating the expression of NRT2/NAR genes under limited nitrate supply, offering a new target for improvement of nitrate absorption in crops.
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