The outsourcing of health services has gained prominence over the past decades. Because numerous factors affect outsourcing in the field of health services, identifying and prioritizing these factors is specifically important. This study sought to identify and prioritize the factors affecting outsourcing, and to propose a model for the effective outsourcing of hospital services in Shiraz, Iran. The study drew on an exploratory mixed research method. In the first stage, all the criteria affecting the outsourcing of activities in hospitals were identified through the theoretical framework, a literature review, and interviews with hospital experts. Next, the criteria were finalized and prioritized using the fuzzy best-worst method (BWM). Following the literature review, 34 criteria for outsourcing were identified based on the studies explored and the interviews with the experts; the criteria were categorized into seven dimensions including "strategy", "management", "economy", "quality", "security and keeping patients' records", "service", and "agility." These dimensions formed the final outsourcing model of hospitals in Shiraz. Finally, the fuzzy BWM analysis revealed that "security and keeping patient's records" had the highest priority in outsourcing-related decision-making. The findings can help hospital managers make the right decision concerning the outsourcing of hospital services. The dimensions found in this research might also have been identified in other models, although this study was different in that it concentrated on the criteria in the specialized area of hospital management, while identifying the importance and weights of all the criteria involved.
Keywords: Outsourcing; content validity; fuzzy best-worst method (FBWM); public hospitals.