Tracheal intubation in microgravity: a simulation study comparing direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy†

Clément Starck; Séamus Thierry; Cécile Isabelle Bernard; Thierry Morineau; François Jaulin; Pascal Chapelain; Matthieu Komorowski

doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.11.029

Tracheal intubation in microgravity: a simulation study comparing direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy^†

Br J Anaesth. 2020 Jul;125(1):e47-e53. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.11.029. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Authors

Clément Starck¹, Séamus Thierry², Cécile Isabelle Bernard³, Thierry Morineau³, François Jaulin⁴, Pascal Chapelain⁵, Matthieu Komorowski⁶

Affiliations

¹ Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France; Space Medicine Group, European Society of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
² Space Medicine Group, European Society of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Anesthesiology Department, South Brittany General Hospital, Lorient, France; Laboratoire Psychologie, Cognition, Communication, Comportement, Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France. Electronic address: s.thierry@ghbs.bzh.
³ Laboratoire Psychologie, Cognition, Communication, Comportement, Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France.
⁴ Sorbonne Medical University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
⁵ Medical Simulation Center C3S, Lorient, France.
⁶ Space Medicine Group, European Society of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

PMID: 31916941
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.11.029

Abstract

Background: The risk of severe medical and surgical events during long-duration spaceflight is significant. In space, many environmental and psychological factors may make tracheal intubation more difficult than on Earth. We hypothesised that, in microgravity, tracheal intubation may be facilitated by the use of a videolaryngoscope compared with direct laryngoscopy.

Methods: In a non-randomised, controlled, cross-over simulation study, we compared intubation performance of novice operators and experts, using either a direct laryngoscope or a videolaryngoscope, in weightlessness and in normogravity. The primary outcome was the success rate of tracheal intubation. Time to intubation and the confidence score into the success of tube placement were also recorded.

Results: When novices attempted to intubate the trachea in microgravity, the success rate of tracheal intubation using a videolaryngoscope was significantly higher (20/25 [80%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64.3-95.7 vs eight/20 [40%]; 95% CI, 18.5-61.5; P=0.006), and intubation time was shorter, compared with using a direct laryngoscope. In normogravity, the success rate of tracheal intubation by experts was significantly higher than that by novices (16/20 [80%]; 95% CI, 62.5-97.5 vs seven/25 [28%]; 95% CI, 10.4-45.6; P=0.001), but in microgravity, there was no significant difference between the experts and novices (19/20 [95%]; 95% CI, 85.4-100 vs 20/25 [80%]; 95% CI, 64.3-95.7; P=0.113). Higher confidence scores were achieved with videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy by both experts and novices in both microgravity and normogravity.

Conclusions: Videolaryngoscopy was associated with higher intubation success rate and speed, and higher confidence for correct tube placement by novice operators in microgravity, and as such may represent the best technique for advanced airway management during long-duration spaceflight.

Keywords: airway management; anaesthesia; microgravity; spaceflight; tracheal intubation; videolaryngoscopy.

Publication types

Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cross-Over Studies
Equipment Design
Humans
Intubation, Intratracheal / instrumentation
Intubation, Intratracheal / methods*
Laryngoscopy / instrumentation
Laryngoscopy / methods*
Simulation Training / methods*
Video Recording*
Weightlessness*