Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia

Rhesi Kristiana; Gilles Bedoux; Gerard Pals; I Wayan Mudianta; Laure Taupin; Christel Marty; Meezan Ardhanu Asagabaldan; Diah Ayuningrum; Agus Trianto; Nathalie Bourgougnon; Ocky Karna Radjasa; Agus Sabdono; Muhammad Hanafi

doi:10.7717/peerj.8093

Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia

PeerJ. 2020 Jan 2:8:e8093. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8093. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Coastal Resources Management, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
² Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, Bretagne, France.
³ Center for Connective Tissue research, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴ Chemical Analysis Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
⁶ Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
⁷ Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences., Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia.
⁸ Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.

Abstract

The aims of this work are to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activities of bio compounds. A total of 15 species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated two active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating extracelullar compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500-1,000 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strain KJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, whereas the strain NP31-01 isolated from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of Pseudoalteromonas rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5-1,000 µg/ml. No anti HSV-1 was observed for both isolated bacteria. This is the first study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra and V. salarius, had potential anti-MRSA activity. However, only extracts from Pseudoalteromonas rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant.

Keywords: Anti-MRSA activity; Antibiotic; HSV-1; Nudibranch; Pseudoalteromonas rubra; Virgibacillus salarius.

Grants and funding

This work was approved by the Diponegoro University and supported by grants from the Directorate Research and Community Services Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education Jakarta, Indonesia, the PMDSU (Program Magister Doktor Sarjana Unggul) (No. 315-12/UN7.5.1/PP/2017) and mobility grant under sandwich-like program (1930/D3.2/PG/2017). This project was also partially financially supported by a PEER grant (Subaward Number: 2000007644) to Ocky Karna Radjasa. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.