Objective: To analyse the 6 degrees of freedom of the knee and gait data of patients with medial knee osteoarthritis before and after fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and examine the influence of TKA on gait characteristics and the difference between FB and MB prosthesis. We also sought to explore the prosthesis options available for TKA in these patients.
Methods: Thirty patients who underwent TKA at the Department of Orthopedics at our hospital from June to October 2017 were included. All patients had a lower limb mechanical axis (hip-knee-ankle angle) of less than 180° which were regarded as genu varum knees and had medial knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomised divided into the FB group and the MB group according to the knee prosthesis implanted. An infrared navigation three-dimensional portable knee motion analysis system (Opti-Knee®, Shanghai Innomotion, Inc.) was used to acquire data on the 6 degrees of freedom of both knees when walking on flat ground before and after surgery (angle of tibia relative to femur parameters: flexion-extension, internal rotation-external rotation, abduction-adduction; displacement parameters: anterior-posterior, proximal-distal, medial-lateral). Postoperative follow-up efficacy was assessed using the Oxford Knee Score system.
Results: There were significant differences in the maximum values of the internal/external rotation and flexion/extension angle between patients post-TKA and the healthy population, p values were 0.007 and <0.001,respectively. The postoperative maximum values of genu varum and internal rotation in both FB [(-9.49 ± 5.99°), (-5.77 ± 3.42°), respectively] and MB [(-9.64 ± 4.83°), (-7.54 ± 4.51°), respectively] groups were lower than the preoperative ones [FB (-15.13 ± 6.78°), (-8.28 ± 4.83°); MB (-13.28 ± 3.98°), (-9.46 ± 4.99°), respectively] (p ≤ 0.001), while the postoperative maximum values of flexion angle and anterior displacement in both FB [(46.11 ± 4.14°), (0.71 ± 0.35 cm), respectively] and MB [(49.33 ± 3.98°), (0.75 ± 0.89 cm), respectively] groups were larger than the preoperative ones [FB (43.15 ± 3.77°), (0.26 ± 0.74 cm); MB (44.62 ± 5.92°), (0.33 ± 0.79°), respectively] (p ≤ 0.001). The postoperative range of flexion/extension angle in both FB (40.13 ± 4.14°) and MB (45.82 ± 3.76°) groups was significantly larger than the preoperative one [FB (36.17 ± 6.07°), MB (37.09 ± 3.93°), respectively] (p ≤ 0.001). There were also significant increases in range of anterior-posterior displacement in the FB group (0.85 ± 0.32 cm) postoperatively compared with the preoperative one (0.71 ± 0.92 cm) (p = 0.016) and significant increases in range of medial-lateral displacement (0.64 ± 0.73 cm) in the MB group postoperatively compared with the preoperative one (0.52 ± 0.91 cm) (p = 0.025). The mean flexion/extension angle of the MB group was significantly greater than the FB group after surgery in both the stance phase and the swing phase (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in postoperative knee axial rotation during the gait cycle between the MB and FB groups (p = 0.028) and that postoperative internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur increased in the MB group. The Oxford Knee Score at the last follow-up visit about 7.5 months after surgery was 15.6 ± 1.3 and 15.1 ± 1.1 points for FB and MB groups, respectively. This difference was not significant (p = 0.428).
Conclusions: TKA can make the parameters of knee gait characteristics closer to the normal population. Medial knee osteoarthritis patients who received a MB prosthesis in TKA had better joint flexion function and axial rotation than the FB one. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the MB prosthesis is a better option for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis.
The translational potential of this article: To date, no consensus for prosthesis selection in TKA has been established. This study found significant differences in joint flexion/extension angle and internal/external rotation during gait post-TKA surgery in medial knee osteoarthritis patients who received different prostheses. This will provide some references for prosthesis selection for a large number of genu varum patients in clinical practice.
Keywords: Fixed-bearing; Gait analysis; Kinematic; Mobile-bearing; Prosthesis implantation; Total knee arthroplasty.
© 2019 The Author(s).