Positive prostate biopsy following radiotherapy can predict metastasis-free survival in localized prostate cancer

A Zapatero; M Adrados; L Torres; M S Talaya; A Cruz Conde; C Martin de Vidales; L Vega Piris; C Olivier; M T Murillo

doi:10.1016/j.rpor.2019.12.003

Positive prostate biopsy following radiotherapy can predict metastasis-free survival in localized prostate cancer

Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2020 Jan-Feb;25(1):55-59. doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.12.003. Epub 2019 Dec 9.

Authors

A Zapatero¹, M Adrados², L Torres¹, M S Talaya¹, A Cruz Conde¹, C Martin de Vidales¹, L Vega Piris³, C Olivier⁴, M T Murillo¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
² Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
³ Methodologic Unit Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
⁴ Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

Background/aims: To determine the impact of post-treatment biopsy results on 10-year metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy (RT).

Materials/methods: Retrospective analysis of 232 patients with T1c-T3bN0M0 PCa who underwent a prostate biopsy 24-36 months after high-dose RT. Biopsies were categorized as positive biopsy (PB) if H&E staining showed evidence of residual malignancy and negative biopsy (NB) if no malignant cells were present. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 10-year MFS, OS and CSS rates were calculated for each group and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios. The median follow-up was 124 months (range 26-267).

Results: Sixty-two of 232 (26.7%) patients had post-treatment positive biopsies (PB). A positive post-treatment biopsy was significantly associated with a lower 10-year MFS (78.4% vs. 95.4%, p = 0.001, HR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.8-8.3). Although patients with PB had worse outcomes that those with NB, we could not show a statistically significant difference in OS (81.0% vs. 87.9%, p = 0.282, HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.7-2.3) or CSS (96.2% vs. 99.4% (p = 0.201, HR. 2.4, 95% CI: 0.6-9.7). After multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor of MFS was the post-treatment biopsy status (p < 0.001, HR: 5.4, 95% CI 2.26-12.85) followed by Gleason score (p = 0.002, HR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.33-3.79).

Conclusion: A positive biopsy following RT can predict MFS in localized prostate cancer. These data highlight the relevance of achieving a local control and support the use of aggressive local therapeutic interventions for PCa.

Keywords: Biopsy; Intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Post-treatment; Prostate cancer; Radiation therapy; Survival.