Spinal cord injury (SCI) is traumatic central nervous system damage resulting in a motor and sensory dysfunction that usually causes a severe and permanent paralysis. Today, the treatment of SCI principally includes surgical treatment, pharmacological treatments and rehabilitation therapies, which target secondary events determining only some clinical improvements in patients. SCI is still a worldwide problem in the clinic and remains a big challenge for neuroscientists and neurologists throughout the world. Therefore, new therapies able to restore the function of the injured spinal cord are urgently needed for SCI patients. An interesting approach to overcome the growth inhibiting properties present in the injured spinal cord is to transplant cells with reparative and protective properties such as mesenchymal stem cells. In this context, human dental-derived stem cells represent a promising new cell source for cell-based therapies. It has been shown that dental-derived stem cells isolated from dental pulp, named dental pulp stem cells or stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth induce functional improvement after SCI in animal models. This review summarises the current state of the literature regarding the use of dental-derived stem cells for spinal cord repair and regeneration and highlights the neuroprotective effects of these cells when administered after spinal cord injury.