A house-to-house survey of neonatal tetanus was performed in 30 population clusters in Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. At the end of the survey 37,219 households were visited and 2010 live births were recalled. Out of the 2010 live-born children 127 had died. Eighty died during the neonatal period. Nine of the neonatal deaths were due to tetanus, giving a neonatal tetanus mortality rate of 4.5/1000 live births. The problem of neonatal tetanus in developing countries, particularly that of Ethiopia, is discussed.