Laryngeal paralysis detected in preoperative laryngoscopy in malignant and benign thyroid disease. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

There is controversy regarding the performance of preoperative laryngoscopy (LP) in thyroid surgery, with different recommendations being made, based on observational studies, in various publications. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of laryngeal paralysis found in the LPs of patients who underwent thyroidectomy in benign and malignant pathology. A systematic review was carried out with 29 articles included for the qualitative study and a meta-analysis of 13 articles in which the data could be obtained to evaluate the same effect (in all patients in which an LP was carried out, those with preoperative laryngeal paralysis were included, and assigned to malignant or benign postoperative histology groups). The pooled prevalence of preoperative paralysis in benign pathology was 1.1% (95% CI 0.7 to 1.7%, 71% I²) and in 6.3% malignant pathology (95% CI 3.8 to 9.4%; I² 85%). The prevalence was significantly higher among patients with malignant pathology with an estimated effect RR 5.66, 95% CI, 2.48, 12.88. The studies analyzed present biases that will need to be corrected in future research, eliminating blinding biases in the selection and allocation of patients or in the laryngoscopy technique used. The LP in thyroid surgery evaluates possible disorders of laryngeal motility. The prevalence of laryngeal paralysis in thyroid pathology found in LPs in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of malignant pathology was higher than in the benign pathology group. This information is necessary for interpreting the intraoperative neuromonitoring signal and for making informed decisions.

Keywords: Disfonía; Dysphonia; Hoarseness; Laringe; Laringoscopia; Laryngoscopy; Larynx; Parálisis de cuerdas vocales; Preoperative; Preoperatorio; Ronquera; Thyroid; Thyroidectomy; Tiroidectomía; Tiroides; Vocal cord palsy; Voice; Voz.