[Pharmaceutical copayment in Spain after the 2012 reform from the user's perspective. Evidence of inequity?]

Abstract

Objective: Identify what are the characteristics of the part of the population that says they cannot buy all the medicines prescribed by a public health doctor, relating them to the criteria that define the pharmaceutical co-payment system established by Royal Decree 16/2012, with the purpose of guiding changes that eliminate possible inequities.

Method: Association study and causal relationship between the difficulty to buy prescription drugs that users expressed through the survey called Health Barometer and a set of variables that reflect the degree of need for health services and the economic capacity, that is also part of the co-payment criteria, using multiple correspondence and regression analysis techniques.

Results: After the analysis of the data corresponding to the years 2013-2017, evidence has been found in favour of the hypothesis that the poorest users, as well as the working ones and those with worst health show greater difficulties in accessing the medicines which have been prescribed by a public health doctor and, consequently, changes are proposed in the copayment system aimed at eliminating or, at least, reducing such differences.

Conclusions: The results obtained are compatible with the hypothesis that the current copayment is perceived as a barrier to access necessary medicines by some sectors of the population. Although certain actions aimed at reducing this barrier can be derived from the work, more research that considers the opinion of the users is needed.

Keywords: Economics; Economía farmacéutica; Equidad; Gastos en salud; Health equity; Health expenditures; Pharmaceutical; Salaries and fringe benefits; Salarios y beneficios.