During the period of January 1984 to March 1987, a total of 15 patients with upper third ureteric calculi and 115 patients with renal calculi were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), transurethral ureteroscopy (TUU) or open surgery. In all patients, endoscopic techniques were the primary modalities of therapy. In 15 patients with upper third ureteric calculi and in 22 patients with 27 calculi in the pelvicaliceal system (five had bilateral calculi), TUU was carried out. The success rate was 67% for calculi in the upper third of ureter and 44% for calculi in the pelvicaliceal system. No persistent strictures or other serious complications were encountered. We conclude, that TUU, in experienced hands, could be considered for proximal ureteric calculi and for certain renal calculi, especially in poor risk patients and patients with only one kidney.