This work proposes a new positioning method based on multiple ultrasonic sensors for the autonomous mobile robot. Unlike the conventional ultrasonic positioning methods, this new method can realize higher accuracy ultrasonic positioning without additional temperature information. Three ultrasonic sensors are used for positioning. A generalized measurement model is established for general sensor configuration. A simplified measurement model, which considers the computational complexity, is also established for linear/simplified sensor configuration. Three time-of-flight signals are obtained from the three ultrasonic sensors. The coordinates of the target are calculated by the ratios of time-of-flights. Positioning experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the new ultrasonic positioning method is effective, both the two established models can implement positioning successfully, and the positioning accuracy is satisfactory. Compared with the conventional ultrasonic positioning method with the default ultrasonic velocity, the positioning accuracy is greatly improved by the proposed method. Compared with the ultrasonic positioning method with additional temperature compensation, the results obtained by the proposed method are comparable.
Keywords: autonomous mobile robot; multiple ultrasonic sensors; ratios of time-of-flights; sensor configuration; ultrasonic positioning.