The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research defines national priority contaminated sites (NPCSs) as land where hazardous substances are likely to pose a risk to human health. SENTIERI was the first national project evaluating the health status of residents in NPCSs. We have extended, for the site of Sesto San Giovanni, the evaluation to cancer incidence and congenital anomalies (CAs). We have found an overall significant negative association between living in the NPCS and overall cancer incidence in all ages and no association in paediatric, adolescent and young adults' population. We have found an excess risk for bladder cancer, leukaemia, lymphoid leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in men and for lung and breast cancer in women. For the paediatric and adolescent population, we have found an excess in embryonic tumours. Total CAs were not different from expected, while we have found excesses regarding ear, face and neck, digestive system and chromosomal defects.