With the intensification of climate change and human activities, megafires frequently occur, with serious impacts on ecosystems, atmospheric environment, and human health. The United States has accumulated a large amount of practical experience in forest fire management. A comprehensive review of the framework of forest fire management in the United States can provide an inspiring reference for forest fire prevention in China. Starting from the process of historical evolution of forest fire policy, we systematically introduced the four stages of policy evolution and the characteristics of each stage in the US. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of forest fire management situation in the US from four aspects was conducted, including the management of combustible fuels, administrative responsibility, fire suppression and forest fire management research support. We summarized relevant literature and proposed improvement strategies for future combustibles management, policy politics and fire fighting in the United States. Through the comprehensive analysis of forest fire management in the United States, we put forward some inspiring opinions on forest fire management in China to promote the establishment of a sound forest fire management system with Chinese characteristics.
受气候变化和人为活动的影响,近年来全球重特大森林火灾频发,给生态系统、大气环境和人类健康带来重大影响.美国在林火管理方面积累了大量的实践经验.全面梳理美国林火管理的框架体系,可以为我国的森林防火工作提供有力借鉴.本文从美国林火政策的历史演变入手,系统介绍了政策演变的4个阶段及各阶段的特点,从可燃物管理、行政管理权责、火灾扑救和林火管理科研支撑4个方面对美国林火管理概况进行综合分析.同时,通过总结相关文献,提出美国未来可燃物管理、政策政治和火灾扑救3方面的改进策略.最后,通过对美国林火管理的综合分析,提出对我国林火管理的几点启示性意见,旨在推动建立健全具有我国特色的林火管理体系.
Keywords: fire fighting; fire prevention by using fire; forest fire in the United States; forest fire policy; fuel management.