A Rapid Extraction Method Combined with a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Amatoxins

Toxins (Basel). 2019 Dec 11;11(12):724. doi: 10.3390/toxins11120724.

Abstract

Amatoxins (AMAs) are lethal toxins found in a variety of mushroom species. Detection methods are needed to determine the occurrence of AMAs in mushroom species suspected in mushroom poisonings. In this manuscript, we report the generation of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, AMA9G3 and AMA9C12) and the development of a competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) that is sensitive at 1 ng mL-1 and shows selectivity for α-amanitin (α-AMA) and γ-amanitin (γ-AMA), and less for β-amanitin (β-AMA). In order to decrease the overall time needed for analysis, the extraction procedure for mushrooms was also simplified. A rapid (1 min) extraction procedure of AMAs using solvents as simple as water alone was successfully demonstrated using Amanita mushrooms. Together, the extraction method and the mAb-based ELISA represent a simple and rapid method that readily detects AMAs extracted from mushroom samples.

Keywords: ELISA; amanitins; amatoxins; death cap mushrooms; immunoassay; monoclonal antibodies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amanita
  • Amanitins / analysis*
  • Amanitins / immunology
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods*
  • Female
  • Hemocyanins / immunology
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Periodic Acid / immunology

Substances

  • Amanitins
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Periodic Acid
  • amatoxin
  • Hemocyanins
  • metaperiodate
  • keyhole-limpet hemocyanin