Pot experiment with winter wheat was conducted to investigate the effects of blended nitrogen (N) fertilizer (slow-release fertilizer-N:urea-N=1:1) combined with N fertilizer inhibitor NAM on soil ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and fixed-ammonium (FN) contents. We analyzed dynamic characteristics of soil mineral N, MBN, FN pools under different treatments. There were six treatments, including no N fertilizer (CK), conventional urea (U), blended N fertilizer (MU), MU plus 2.5‰ NAM (MUN1), MU plus 5‰ NAM (MUN2), and MU plus 7.5‰ NAM (MUN3). Our results showed that, compared to that of MU treatment, MUN2 and MUN3 delayed the appearance time of NH4+-N peak. Averaged across the whole wheat growing period, soil mineral N content for NAM treatments decreased by 5.3%-11.7%. From tillering to maturity stage, MBN mineralization and mineralization rates were 38.96 mg·kg-1 and 91.5%, which was higher than that of U treatment; MBN mineralization and mineralization rates for MUN1, MUN2 and MUN3 treatments were 58.73 mg·kg-1, 83.3%, 94.20 mg·kg-1, 94.6%, 104.46 mg·kg-1 and 96.3%, respectively. The FA mineralization release for NAM treatments were higher by 2.83-9.19 mg·kg-1 than that of MU treatment. The results of path analysis showed that NAM addition weakened the direct effect of soil NH4+-N pool on NO3--N pool but enhanced the indirect effects of FN pool on NO3--N pool through affecting NH4+-N pool. The wheat grain yields of the MUN1, MUN2 and MUN3 treatments were significantly higher by 31.6%, 21.5% and 22.9% than that of MU treatment. Nitrogen use efficiencies were increased by 8.1%, 13.5% and 3.1%, respectively. In summary, through double regulation for N release and transformation in soil, NAM delayed the appearance time of soil NH4+-N peak and retarded its transformation into NO3--N, and increased the roles of MBN and FN in supplying N, thereby increased crop yield and N-fertilizer use efficiency.
采用冬小麦盆栽试验,探讨掺混氮肥(缓释肥N∶普通尿素N=1∶1)配施氮肥抑制剂NAM对冬小麦土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物生物量氮和固定态铵含量及小麦产量、氮肥利用率的影响,分析不同处理土壤矿质氮库、微生物生物量氮库和固定态铵库的动态变化特征.试验共设6个处理,不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素(U)、掺混氮肥(MU)、MU+2.5‰NAM(MUN1)、MU+5‰NAM(MUN2)和MU+7.5‰NAM(MUN3).结果表明:与MU处理相比,MUN2和MUN3处理推迟了NH4+-N峰值出现的时间;小麦整个生长季,添加NAM处理的土壤矿质氮平均含量比MU处理下降了5.3%～11.7%;分蘖期至抽穗期,MU处理的微生物生物量氮矿化量和矿化率分别为38.96 mg·kg-1和91.5%,均高于U处理,而MUN1、MUN2和MUN3处理分别为58.73 mg·kg-1和83.3%、94.20 mg·kg-1和94.6%、104.46 mg·kg-1和96.3%,添加NAM处理固定态铵的释放量比MU处理提高了2.83~9.19 mg·kg-1.通径分析结果显示,与MU处理相比,添加NAM减弱了土壤NH4+-N库对NO3--N库的直接影响,增强了固定态铵库通过影响NH4+-N库对NO3--N库的间接作用.同时,MUN1、MUN2和MUN3处理的小麦籽粒产量较MU处理分别提高了31.6%、21.5%和22.9%,氮肥利用率分别提高了8.1%、13.5%和3.1%.综上,配施NAM通过对氮素释放及在土壤中转化的双重调控,延迟土壤NH4+-N峰值出现的时间及后续向NO3--N的转化,提高微生物生物量氮和固定态铵的供氮作用,从而提高了作物产量和氮肥利用率.
Keywords: blended fertilizer; nitrification inhibitor; regulation; soil nitrogen pool; urease inhibitor.