Reduction in myocardial strain is evident in adolescents and young adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes

Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Mar;21(2):243-250. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12961. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Heart failure is a complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Echocardiography can identify subclinical systolic dysfunction in adults with T2DM. We hypothesized that reduced systolic strain was present in youth with T2DM.

Methods: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured in 151 subjects with T2DM matched to lean (L = 146), and obese (O = 162) subjects (23.0 ± 4.0 years, 35% male, 63% African American). Anthropometrics, BP, HR, labs, and echocardiograms were obtained. ANOVA was performed to compare differences among groups, and ANCOVA to determine if T2DM remained an independent predictor after corrections.

Results: BP, lipid levels, and metabolic control worsened and GLS was reduced from L to O to T2DM. BMI was lower in L than O or T2DM. Global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) was lower and LVM/ht2.7 was higher in O and T2DM as compared to L (all P ≤ .05). Presence of T2DM was an independent determinant of GLS and GLSR adjusted for most CV risk factors, but lost significance when BMI was added to the model. GLS = -21.6-age*0.088 - male*1.8 + 0.12*BMI + 0.045*DBP + 0.058*HR - 0.023*HDL (R2 = 0.38, P ≤ .0001); GLSR = -1.20-male*0.093 + WHR*0.48 + DBP*0.0029 (R2 = 0.23, P ≤ .0001).

Conclusion: Both adiposity and T2DM have a deleterious effect on systolic cardiac function. Treatment of obesity in youth is necessary for prevention of future heart failure.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; left ventricular dysfunction; myocardial strain; obesity; pediatrics.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnostic imaging
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology*
  • Echocardiography
  • Female
  • Heart / diagnostic imaging
  • Heart / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Myocardium
  • Obesity / blood
  • Obesity / diagnostic imaging
  • Obesity / physiopathology*
  • Young Adult