Regrowth of Microcosm Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces After Various Antimicrobial Treatments

Qi Han; Yaling Jiang; Bernd W Brandt; Jingmei Yang; Yu Chen; Mark J Buijs; Wim Crielaard; Lei Cheng; Dongmei Deng

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02693

Regrowth of Microcosm Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces After Various Antimicrobial Treatments

Front Microbiol. 2019 Nov 25:10:2693. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02693. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Qi Han^{1

2}, Yaling Jiang^{2

3}, Bernd W Brandt², Jingmei Yang⁴, Yu Chen¹, Mark J Buijs², Wim Crielaard², Lei Cheng³, Dongmei Deng²

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
² Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
³ State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Abstract

Objectives: Our aim of this work was to investigate the regrowth of implant-related biofilms after various antimicrobial treatments in vitro. Methods: Saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were grown on titanium discs in an active attachment model. Treatments including hydrogen peroxide (HP), citric acid (CA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and distilled water (control), at different concentrations, were applied to 2-day biofilms for 1 or 5 min. The viability, lactic acid production, and composition of the biofilms were followed for 3 days. The biofilm composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: The short treatments of CA, CHX, and HP resulted in a 2-3 log reduction in biofilm viability and lactic acid production immediately. However, both parameters returned to the pre-treatment level within 2 days due to biofilm regrowth. The alpha diversity of the regrown biofilms in antimicrobial-treated groups tended to decrease, whereas the diversity of those in water-treated group increased. The composition of the regrown biofilms altered compared to those before treatments. Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the regrown biofilms. Conclusions: Although the antimicrobial treatments were efficient, the multi-species biofilms were indeed able to regrow within 2 days. The regrown biofilms display an altered microbial diversity and composition, which in the oral cavity may lead to an aggressive infection.

Keywords: 16S rDNA; antimicrobials; biofilm regrowth; microcosm; oral microbiome; peri-implantitis.